Table of Contents
Diabetes in India:Analysis
Diabetes has emerged as a significant public health concern in India, with a rising number of individuals affected by this chronic condition. Understanding the prevalence, complications, and future projections of diabetes is crucial for effective healthcare planning and interventions.
Based on diabetes India statistics data from the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Diabetes Atlas 2021 Report, this article provides a comprehensive analysis of diabetes in India. The article explores the prevalence of diabetes over time, estimates the number of affected individuals, examines complications associated with the disease, and highlights projections for the future. Additionally, it delves into type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents, pregnancy-related factors, diabetes-related health expenditure, and the demographic landscape. This analysis aims to shed light on the challenges posed by diabetes in India and facilitate informed decision-making to address this growing health burden.
Diabetes Prevalence and Estimates
| At a glance | 2000 | 2011 | 2021 | 2030 | 2045 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetes estimates (20-79 y) | |||||
| People with diabetes, in 1,000s | 32,674.4 | 61,258.4 | 74,194.7 | 92,973.7 | 124,874.7 |
| Age-adjusted comparative prevalence of diabetes, % | - | 9.0 | 9.6 | 10.4 | 10.8 |
| People with undiagnosed diabetes, in 1,000s | - | - | 39,397.4 | - | - |
| Proportion of people with undiagnosed diabetes, % | - | - | 53.1 | - | - |
| Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) estimates (20-79 y) | |||||
| People with IGT, in 1,000s | - | 20,467.5 | 40,143.8 | 50,045.4 | 65,557.3 |
| Age-adjusted comparative prevalence of IGT, % | - | 3.0 | 5.4 | 5.6 | 5.8 |
| Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) estimates (20-79 y) | |||||
| People with IFG, in 1,000s | - | - | 75,123.9 | 85,065.3 | 95,598.7 |
| Age-adjusted comparative prevalence of IFG, % | - | - | 7.8 | 8.2 | 8.3 |
| Mortality attributable to diabetes (20-79 y) | |||||
| Deaths attributable to diabetes | - | 983,203.0 | 647,831.0 | - | - |
| Proportion of diabetes-related deaths in people under 60 y, % | - | - | 2.8 | - | - |
| Type 1 diabetes estimates in children and adolescents | |||||
| New cases of type 1 diabetes (0-14 y), in 1,000s | 18.1 | - | 19.2 | - | - |
| New cases of type 1 diabetes (0-19 y), in 1,000s | - | - | 24.0 | - | - |
| Type 1 diabetes (0-14 y), in 1,000s | 66.9 | - | 124.6 | - | - |
| Type 1 diabetes (0-19 y), in 1,000s | - | - | 229.4 | - | - |
| Hyperglycaemia in pregnancy (HIP) (20-49 y) | |||||
| Live births affected by HIP | - | - | 6,182,373.9 | - | - |
| Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), % | - | - | 29.3 | - | - |
| Live births affected by other types of diabetes first detected in pregnancy | - | - | 220,541.9 | - | - |
| Live births affected by other types of diabetes detected prior to pregnancy | - | - | 194,791.2 | - | - |
| Diabetes-related health expenditure | |||||
| Total diabetes-related health expenditure, USD million | - | - | 8,485.8 | 10,305.5 | 12,834.3 |
| Total diabetes-related health expenditure, ID million | - | - | 32,054.9 | 38,928.6 | 48,481.1 |
| Diabetes-related health expenditure per person, USD | - | 68.0 | 114.4 | 138.9 | 173.0 |
| Diabetes-related health expenditure per person, ID | - | - | 432.0 | 524.7 | 653.4 |
| Demographics | |||||
| Total adult population (20-79 y), in 1,000s | 567,714.0 | 737,003.3 | 893,910.0 | 1,022,119.2 | 1,154,012.2 |
| Population of children (0-14 y), in 1,000s | 361,182.0 | - | 359,208.6 | - | - |
| Population of children and adolescents (0-19 y), in 1,000s | - | - | 485,464.9 | - | - |
| Complications of diabetes | |||||
| Microvascular |
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| Macrovascular |
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The table provides valuable insights into the prevalence and estimates of diabetes in India over the years. Here are some key observations:
Diabetes In India : Glaring facts
- India accounts for 1 in 7 of all adults living with diabetes in the world.
- India’s 9.6% prevalence of diabetes equaled 77 million adults suffering from the disease in the country, more than double the number of Pakistan’s diabetic citizens. (Pakistan has the highest prevalence of diabetes in the world, with a rate of 30.8%.)
- More than 53.1% live with undiagnosed diabetes.
- In 2011, there were 983,203 deaths reported as attributable to diabetes in the age group of 20-79 years.
People with Diabetes
- In the year 2000, there were approximately 32.7 million (32,674.4 thousand) individuals with diabetes in the age group of 20-79 years.
- By 2011, the number increased to around 61.3 million (61,258.4 thousand) and further rose to 74.2 million (74,194.7 thousand) in 2021.
- The estimated number of people with diabetes is projected to reach 92.9 million (92,973.7 thousand) by 2030 and 124.9 million (124,874.7 thousand) by 2045.
Prevalence of Diabetes
- In 2011, the comparative prevalence was reported at 9%, which increased to 9.6% in 2021.
- Projections suggest a gradual rise in the prevalence of diabetes, reaching 10.4% by 2030 and 10.8% by 2045.
Undiagnosed Diabetes
- In 2021, it is estimated that around 39.4 million (39,397.4 thousand) individuals in India have undiagnosed diabetes.
- The proportion of people with undiagnosed diabetes is reported to be 53.1% in 2021.
Complications and Mortality
Complications of Diabetes
The table also presents information on the complications associated with diabetes:
Microvascular Complications
- Nephropathy: Approximately 5.9% of individuals with diabetes in India are affected by nephropathy.
- Retinopathy: Around 0.8% of individuals with diabetes experience retinopathy.
- Neuropathy: Approximately 10.6% of individuals with diabetes suffer from neuropathy.
Macrovascular Complications
- Coronary artery disease: 2.5% of individuals with diabetes are affected by coronary artery disease.
- Cerebrovascular disease: Around 0.3% of individuals with diabetes experience cerebrovascular disease.
- Heart failure: Approximately 0.2% of individuals with diabetes experience heart failure.
Mortality attributable to Diabetes
- In 2011, there were 983,203 deaths reported as attributable to diabetes in the age group of 20-79 years.
Type 1 Diabetes and Pregnancy-related Factors
Type 1 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents
- In the year 2000, there were 18.1 thousand new cases of type 1 diabetes reported in children aged 0-14 years.
- By 2021, the number of new cases increased to 19.2 thousand, and it is projected to reach 24 thousand by the year 2045.
- The prevalence of type 1 diabetes in children aged 0-14 years was 66.9 thousand in 2000 and is estimated to be 124.6 thousand in 2021.
Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy (HIP)
- In 2021, an estimated 6,182,373.9 live births in India were affected by hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP).
- The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was reported to be 29.3% in the same year.
- Additionally, 220,541.9 live births were affected by other types of diabetes first detected during pregnancy, while 194,791.2 live births were affected by other types of diabetes detected prior to pregnancy.
Diabetes-related Health Expenditure
- In 2021, the total diabetes-related health expenditure in India amounted to USD 8,485.8 million or INR 32,054.9 million.
- The per-person expenditure on diabetes-related health in 2021 was approximately USD 114.4 or INR 432, which is expected to increase to USD 173 or INR 653.4 by 2045.
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